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Background: Microbial translocation is a poorly understood consequence of several disorders such as environmental enteropathy (EE) and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) disease. Direct biomarkers of microbial translocation such lipopolysaccharide, 16S rRNA gene and Toll-like receptor ligands...

This Thesis examined whether public health expenditure had an impact on infant and under-five mortality in Tanzania. Additionally, it examines whether domestic government and donor expenditure on malaria had an impact on under-five malaria specific mortality in Tanzania Mainland. The average...

Background Environmental enteropathy is prevalent in many low and middle-income countries. Although its aetiology is unknown, we hypothesised that nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs), which are ubiquitous in the environment and are known to cause disease in the lungs, the gut, skin, bloodstream...