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Escherichia coli that produce extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) enzymes pose a global challenge in the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by these organisms. Beta lactamases are the primary cause of resistance to beta lactam antibiotics. These enzymes confer multi drug...

Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. The carriage of S. aureus among healthcare workers has been associated with transmission of the bacterium to susceptible patients. The aim of this study was to determine the carriage rate, antimicrobial...

Enterococci are commensal gram-positive bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. They have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens due to their ability to acquire and confer antimicrobial resistance genes, hence making management of infections due to Enterococcus species difficult....

In the last three decades, Zambia has experienced frequent cholera outbreaks which mainly affect fishing camps around the country and peri urban areas in Copperbelt and Lusaka Provinces where there is unsafe water supply and poor sanitation. In 2009, 2010 and 2016 more than 12000 cases, with...

John Cunningham virus (JC virus) is a polyomavirus that causes Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) a debilitating and often fatal disease of the central nervous system. JC virus is ubiquitous, approximately 50% of adults globally have antibodies against the virus and about 30%...

Non-tuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognized as human pathogens especially with the emergence of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Similarity of clinical symptoms with TB, coupled with limited diagnostic capacities in tuberculosis (TB)- endemic areas has led to...

Introduction: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and a significant cause of mortality worldwide. Although information is available on pneumonia in children in Zambia, the incidence in adults in many parts of Africa including Zambia is unknown. Knowledge of the local aetiological agents of...

Flaviviruses may cause zoonotic or arboviral diseases which are transmitted by arthropods (mosquitoes and ticks). They are capable of spreading by human to human transmission and may result in large outbreaks. In 2010, Zambia was reclassified a low risk zone of yellow fever (YF) by World Health...

Salmonellaenterica species are important food-borne pathogens that cause gastroenteritis and enteric fever, and are responsible for a huge global burden of morbidity and mortality. In addition, Salmonellaenterica has been associated with multiple drug resistance and this complicates disease...