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Background: Children infected with HIV are at risk of developing TB, this may be attributed to the fact that HIV infected children are immune compromised. ART has been linked to improved immune responses to TB. With the scaling up of ART in Zambia, more children will have access to treatment. The...

The study was conducted in order to estimate the costs and effects of ARVs used in treatment of HIV infected patients, to describe the costs of prophylaxis and treating of opportunistic infections by use of No-ARVs and to determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of No-ART and ART. A...

The problem of counterfeiting of drugs presents an enormous public health challenge. No area of the world is unaffected, but mounting evidence shows that the problem is disproportionately severe in developing and emerging market countries, which also have a high burden of infectious diseases such...

Background: Despite antenatal care services being provided free of charge or sometimes at a minimal cost in Zambia, only 19% of women attend antenatal care by their fourth month of pregnancy, as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). An estimated 21% of pregnant women in urban and 18% in...

Monitoring and evaluation assessments of the IRS programmes reveal an inability to meet set IRS coverage targets. The purpose of this was to determine the factors that influence the low IRS coverage. A cross sectional household study was carried out in Lusaka District’s Mtendere, Kanyama and...

The risk of silicosis depends on a number of factors which include among others; the nature of the dust, the intensity and duration of exposure as well as individual susceptibility. The association of these factors with silicosis vary from country to country and between regions being influenced...