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The main source of blood supply to the gall bladder is the cystic artery which is a branch of the right hepatic artery. Anatomical variations of the cystic artery are frequent. Thus, careful dissection of the Calot`s triangle is necessary for conventional and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The...

Vertebral artery is an important source of blood supply to the brain. VA variations have a documented incidence ranging between 0.2% to 6.7 % in studies done using autopsy and angiograms in different countries. These variations increase the risks of aneurysms, dissections and leads to...

The Lamina Terminalis represents an important neuroanatomical structure by which third Ventriculostomy could be performed into the subarachnoid space (Cisterna Chiasmatica). Recent studies have indicated a role for LT fenestration in approaching pathologies of the third ventricle. However, there...

BACKGROUND: Melanin is a skin pigment that determines skin colour and plays a role in photoprotection. It represents one of the most visible markers of human variation and skin disorders. Lack of Melanin or presence of very little melanin or albinism makes the skin susceptible to a wide range of...

The cerebellar tonsils are part of the nervous system which is the chief controlling and coordinating system of the body. Their functional role is not yet known but are believed to coordinate skilled and learned movements. The cerebellar tonsils are prone to herniation through the foramen magnum...

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The ideal distribution of blood to the brain and the collateral potential of the Circle of Willis (CW) is believed to be dependent largely on the morphology and the presence of all the component vessels of the CW. However, there is a considerable individual variation in the...

Background: Coronary arteries play an important role in supplying blood to the muscular walls and tissues of the heart. With increase in the rate of cardiovascular diseases, knowledge of the normal and variant anatomy of coronary arteries is indispensable and imperative both in diagnosis,...

Background. Hallux valgus is the lateral deviation of the big toe towards the other toes of the same foot. It is one of the commonest orthopaedic conditions of the forefoot. There are many risk factors including heredity, sex, age and footwear. The condition can progress to a painful stage where...

Background The iris is the coloured part around the black pupil. It is a flat structure and each iris is unique in its colour, patterns and texture. Its colour varies in different individuals, ethnic groups and is largely affected by geographical factors. The colour of the iris in the Zambian...

A comparative gross anatomica study of placentae and neonatal weight in hypertensive and non hypertensive pregnant women at the University Teaching Hospital Lusaka Zambia BACKGROUND Placenta is an organ that links the mother to the foetus facilitating gaseous exchange, uptake of nutrients and...