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This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the viability of applying the current eccentric compressive design provisions outlined in Eurocode 4 (EC4) for concrete-encased steel composite columns with out-of-code parameters. Specifically, the research undertakes an in-depth analysis of the impact...

In recent years, the world is gradually shifting away from the use of structural concrete in the construction sector. This is due to its retrogressive limitations such as costs, environmental degradation, low strength-to-weight ratio, its susceptibility to cracking. The world is moving towards...

The study aimed at demonstrating the positive outcome of incorporating optimization techniques in the design procedure for designing steel-concrete composite bridges was conducted. Optimization algorithms have the capability of finding optimal or near optimal solutions in complex problems. In...

In practice, cured concrete strength may exhibit strength variation from batch to batch and within batch despite the mixes being of the same proportions and with quality control. On the other hand, structural concrete elements are designed to meet specific characteristic strength. In order to...