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People are sent to prison as a symbol of the community's disapproval of their conduct, to deter others from crime, to protect the public, as well as to reform the offender. Whereas deterrence seeks to reduce crime rates and recidivism, rehabilitation seeks to help the ex-offender function...

The world today stands at a very dangerous time in the history of mankind given the threat of war. Events such as the armed conflicts in the Former Yugoslavia, Afghanistan and currently in Iraq have confronted us with the cruelty and savagery of war coupled with the suffering, death and...

Sixty years after the formulation of the United Nations, the Organisation does not appear to have achieved its basic objectives of maintaining international peace and security and preventing inter-state wars.A telling recent failure of the United Nations was its inability to prevent the United...

This research essay is centred on the doctrines of judicial precedent as well as stare decisis, which is a subject tackled in both Legal Process and Jurisprudence. However, even after covering this topic in the two aforementioned courses, these doctrines were still vague in my mind. This was...

Successive governments in many countries have enacted legislation to encourage both individuals and employers to plan for the provision of an adequate level of income in their retirement. These initiatives are evidenced in the existence of commercial financial institutions such as banks and...

It is estimated that today, about 80 percent of all Zambians are living in abject poverty. This means that these cannot afford private legal representation before the courts of law. The paper therefore analyses the ability of the Zambian legal aid scheme to provide effective legal representation...

This essay critically analyses the policies, guidelines, the Examinations Council of Zambia Act No. 15 of 1983 and the regulations on the administration of examinations in Zambia at High School and Basic School level held at Grade 9 and 12.The issue has been approached from both the legal and...

This essay sets out to give legal perceptions on resolve social stigma towards the mentally disabled persons in Zambia. It focuses on the stigma towards persons with mental disabilities and questions why society finds it difficult to accept mentally disabled persons as being comparable to...