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Background and aim: Carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is considered as the gold standard for directly estimating central arterial stiffness. Furthermore, the simultaneous measurement of central blood pressure (CBP) with cfPWV is augmentative. This is because the two are strong and...

Context— Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent one of the important health problems with high morbidity and mortality in Zambia. Recognition of AKI allows prompt injury specific intervention that may avert permanent renal damage and progression of CKD to End Stage...