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Zambia copper industry has been in existence for over a century. The country contains best known reserves in Africa and holding about 6 percent of world’s known copper reserves. Copper exports account for more than 70 percent of total exports and 13 percent of the country’s GDP. Despite her rich...

Zambia is largely a mineral economy faced with challenges of designing a tax system that meets two fundamental objectives namely to ensure a fair share of rent for itself and simultaneously allowing for sufficient investment revenues needed by investors. Zambia’s mine fiscal regime has evolved...

Konkola Copper Mines’ (KCM) Nchanga smelter utilises a modern technology of direct to blister flash smelting process designed by Outotec, Finland. Slags from the direct to blister flash smelting unit are carbothermically reduced through a two stage electric slag cleaning furnaces (ESCF) to...

The reduction of Masuku Cassiterite gravity concentrate by charcoal was investigated in the temperature range of 850 to 1100oC. A combination of sample weight loss measurements, exist gas analysis and chemical analysis of the reaction products was used to monitor the course of the reaction.The...