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The emergence of drug resistance among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) patients poses a significant challenge to the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs globally. In Malawi, where HIV prevalence remains a major public health concern, the incorporation of Dolutegravir (DTG) into...

Malaria is one of the infectious diseases that causes a lot of deaths in under-five children in sub Saharan African countries and continues to be a public health problem. Most of these deaths occur in under-five children residing in remote and hard-to-reach areas where access to healthcare is a...

Respiratory infections are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2021, there were an estimated 344 million global incident episodes attributable to lower respiratory infections translating to an estimated 4350 episodes per 100,000...

Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. are the most common coliforms that cause clinical mastitis and are responsible for the disease in about 40% of cases in dairy animals. The presence of E. coli and K. pneumoniae in raw milk poses a threat to human health as consumption of contaminated raw milk...

The poultry industry in Zambia is a critical sector for the national economy. Over the last two decades, the country has experienced rapid growth in poultry production with a large share being contributed by small-scale urban producers. Among the major concerns that are related to this...

The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) highlights the urgent need for accurate diagnostic tools to combat infectious diseases effectively. Radiopharmaceuticals, such as the metastable state of Technetium-99m Methylene Diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP), are recognized as reliable...

The COVID-19 pandemic is the biggest public health and economic challenge the world has faced for the past three years. Since there was no vaccine during the early phase of the pandemic, Botswana imposed lockdown as one of the non-pharmaceutical interventions to mitigate the COVID-19 burden....

Coronavirus disease of 2019 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. It is a highly transmissible emerging pathogen in humans. Primarily, infection happens when the spike glycoprotein on the surface of the virus binds to the host cell receptors resulting in a variate of asymptomatic and...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Escherichia coli (E. coli) from food animals is a rising problem with overuse, underuse, or prolonged usage of one type of antimicrobial in poultry as a contributing factor. In Zambia, studies linking poultry-associated AMR and antimicrobial use (AMU) are...

Spices refer to dried parts of plants used in food to enhance flavor, add color and make food more acceptable. As a result spices are widely used in the food industry where they may carry a large number of bacteria and mold that could contaminate the food. The objective of this study was to...