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Introduction: Early diagnosis of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) among exposed infants gives an opportunity for early access to HIV care and treatment with potential for increased survival. Despite global efforts to scale up early infant diagnosis (EID) services, in resource-limited, high HIV...

Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. The carriage of S. aureus among healthcare workers has been associated with transmission of the bacterium to susceptible patients. The aim of this study was to determine the carriage rate, antimicrobial...

Zambia is a high tuberculosis (TB) burden country. Antituberculous medicines are mainstay of TB management. Several reports of antituberculous drug-related haematological and hepatic adverse effects have been noted in other settings. Adverse events have healthcare cost and morbidity implications....

Adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy leads to restoration of the immune function and reduces HIV-related adverse outcomes. However non adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy has eroded this advantage leading to increased morbidity and compromised quality of life among HIV...

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a disease caused by an acid-fast staining pathogenic bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), the two most potent TB drugs. Drug-resistant tuberculosis poses a significant problem for...

HIV/AIDS remains a major challenge particularly among women of child bearing age . Globally, there are about 36.6 million people living with HIV infection and about 70 % (25 million) of these live in sub Saharan Africa Africa. HIV burden needs greater attention in the planning of EMTCT...

Zambian children under age 5 continue to face multiple obstacles with respect to their survival and development. Specifically, beyond the neonatal period, Pneumonia, and Diarrhoea are leading contributors to the high under-5 mortality rate. While vaccinations have been introduced to counter these...

The incidence of HIV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma remains high in Zambia in the antiretroviral therapy era. The most efficacious treatment regimen for KS has yet to be established. In both developed and developing countries, treatment regimens have had limited efficacy. Late presentation in Africa...

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under the age of five years globally accounting for 16% of deaths. In Zambia, ARI accounts for 30-40% of children’s outpatient attendance and 20-30% of hospital admissions. The study therefore...