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This study examines the origins and development of Maamba Coal Mine and its socio-economic impact on Zambia. It demonstrates that although Ian Smith’s Unilateral Declaration of Independence (U.D.I) in Rhodesia, 1965 was the key driver in the development of commercial mining of coal in the...

Environmental impacts of coal mining and processing operations on land, water and air are identified, measured, evaluated, interpreted and discussed. The impacts of these operations are scarring most of the areas, land surface degradation, pollution of surface water bodies as well as air...