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Respiratory infections are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2021, there were an estimated 344 million global incident episodes attributable to lower respiratory infections translating to an estimated 4350 episodes per 100,000...

Avian influenza and Newcastle disease are respiratory and often fatal diseases of birds caused by avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), respectively. They are zoonotic diseases that affect a wide range of avian species and cause substantial economic losses. Moreover, the...