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Hypercoagulable states and immobilization are known risk factors in the development of DVT after major orthopaedic surgery. However, the added effect of HIV to major orthopaedic surgery in developing DVT is unknown. In addition the benefits of D-dimer screening of patients after major surgery is...

Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) are a global public health problem which share common risk factors and modes of transmission. Perinatal transmission is the major route of HBV transmission in endemic areas. Without vaccination, the newborn infant has 10 - 20% risks...

The eye is an external organ, and so it is easy to injure. For this reason, eye injuries are common among people all over the world It is re ported that up to 20% of adult population has had ocular trauma at some point in their lives. The reason for conducting this study was to explore ocular...

Perforation peritonitis is a common surgical emergency seen by surgeons; it remains a life threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality. At the University Teaching Hospitals (UTH), the morbidity for gastro-duodenal perforation has not been studied. Furthermore, based on the available...

Despite low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) being the regions of the world with the greatest gap in access to safe surgical and anaesthetic services, there are fewer published data for these countries on perioperative mortality indices. Global trends are that perioperative mortality has...

HBV infection is a serious infection affecting the liver and causes significant morbidity and mortality in sub-Sahara Africa. While most patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection are asymptomatic, the infection acquired during infancy or childhood accounts for a disproportionately large...

Co-existence of hypertension and dyslipidaemia, also referred to as dyslipidaemic hypertension (DH), is known to have synergistic effect on the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In Zambia, there is scanty information on distinguishing features of dyslipidaemic hypertension. The study...

The most common cause of a discrete breast mass is fibroadenoma. Malignancy within a fibroadenoma is very rare with a reported incidence of 0.1 to 0.3%. Despite an audit report from the University Teaching Hospital histology lab done from January to December in 2013 showing that 11% of clinically...

Gastroduodenal perforation contributes a significant proportion of surgical patients undergoing emergency laparotomy worldwide and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It is well established that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the main cause of peptic ulcer disease. The prevalence...

Accurate determination of weight is essential to avoid drug errors. Where weighing is not feasible, age or length based formulae are used to estimate weight. Formulae must be validated in the local population as most are derived from high income countries where childhood obesity is increasing....