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The hazardous effects of tobacco smoking on health have been re-echoed world all over for over half a century now. Nearly, 80 % of the world’s tobacco-related deaths occur in low and middle income countries. Zambia, a middle income country and a signed party to the World Health Organization...

Environmental pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that have the potential to cause adverse health outcomes. Open waste disposal sites are among the main causes of environmental pollution and public health hazards. In Namibia, majority of the towns, including...

The low utilization of health facilities for delivery in Sub-Saharan Africa is a major concern despite the availability of global Motherhood initiatives to increase health facility usage. The concept of using Safe Motherhood Action Groups (SMAGs) is emerging to be a useful tool for referral of...

The shortage of health workers in the areas where they are most needed is a significant problem for health systems. Over the past decade, countries have introduced strategies to address the unequal distribution of health workers in rural and remote are evad.e nce to date on the effectiveness of...

Globally, more than 50% of pregnant women attend antenatal care in the first trimester in most developed countries. However, in developing countries, less than 50% of pregnant women do so. Timing of the first antenatal care visit in the first trimester is important because it allows for...

Globally, more than 50% of pregnant women attend antenatal care in the first trimester in most developed countries. However, in developing countries, less than 50% of pregnant women do so. Timing of the first antenatal care visit in the first trimester is important because it allows for...

Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that remains a major global public health problem. Syphilis is caused by the bacterium called Treponema pallidum. There are 5.6 million new cases of syphilis worldwide each year and in Zambia the risk of acquiring HIV infection...

Zambian children under age 5 continue to face multiple obstacles with respect to their survival and development. Specifically, beyond the neonatal period, Pneumonia, and Diarrhoea are leading contributors to the high under-5 mortality rate. While vaccinations have been introduced to counter these...

The importance of ensuring that girls are educated at the secondary level has been recognized as critical to the national development of any country. Worldwide 62 million adolescents are estimated to have dropped out of school due to poverty. Many unmarried adolescent girls in low income...

In 2013, Zambia accepted the immediate operationalization of Option B+, a policy used to try and eliminate mother to child transmission. This policy requires all HIV-positive pregnant and breastfeeding women to initiate antiretroviral treatment for life regardless of CD4 count. However, not all...