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Green building tools (GBTs), used for planning and assessing the impact of structures on the environment, are developed in consonance with user needs. To attain green low-cost houses, consideration of the three arms of sustainability, i.e., environmental, economic, and social factors should be...

Housing is one of the basic necessities of mankind known to affect human health and well being. Since 1964, Zambia has been struggling with the provision of housing in urban areas. Zambia’s urban population rose by 52% from 5,173,450 to 7, 844,628, between 2010 to 2022. The current housing...

Since the Earth Summit held in Brazil in 1992 when agenda 21 was formulated as the international blueprint for sustainable development, all sectors of society have been in the process of interpreting and pursuing sustainability and sustainable development within their specific contexts. However,...

Construction industry is key to the world economies in both developed and developing nations. However, construction works could bring hazards such as silica dust and chemical irritants to site personnel. Silica dust and chemical irritants are produced from activities such as demolition, drilling,...

Building Construction in Zambia has been booming at a faster rate than ever before. Local authorities have had the challenge of pacing up in quality control with these fast developments. The integrity of built infrastructure in a city guarantees safety of occupants, minimises maintenance costs to...

Despite playing a key role in most economies, building construction contributes significantly to climate change. Buildings consume energy, water, and raw materials, generate waste, and emit potentially hazardous air emissions during the course of their lives. These facts have prompted the...

The construction industry is an important sector in the economies of nations and plays a key role in socio-economic growth of Zambia. Construction projects in Zambia fail to meet owner’s performance expectations. Increased cost-effectiveness and reduced waste in Architecture, Engineering and...

Soil plaster pastes have been used around the world by local rural populations for centuries to give a finishing touch to their houses, and depending on the soil used, some chemical contamination cannot be ruled out. Some soils may contain heavy metals and other parameters depending on where it...

Electricity is central to the development of any economy and in Zambia most of this energy is generated from hydropower plants. Projects for construction of electricity Transmission lines are often delayed therefore some towns which were not connected to the national grid are underdeveloped...

Electricity is central to the development of any economy and in Zambia most of this energy is generated from hydropower plants. Projects for construction of electricity Transmission lines are often delayed therefore some towns which were not connected to the national grid are underdeveloped...