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Asymptomatic bacteriuria is a significant number of bacteria in the urine (2 consecutive specimens with isolation of at least 100,000 colony-forming units (CFU) per mL of the same bacterial species) that occurs without usual symptoms of urinary tract infection. Pregnant women are generally at...

Catheter associated urinary tract infection (C.A.U.T.I.) is the most common nosocomial infection in hospitals worldwide and the incidence has been reported to be upto 35%. The growing antibiotic resistance amongst the uropathogens isolated from CAUTI makes it difficult for its management.In...

Meningitis and encephalitis are important causes of admissions and mortality in Zambia. There is a worldwide geographical and regional variation in the causative agents. Apart from bacteria, little is known about viral agents that cause the disease in Zambia. To identify the viral and bacterial...

Enterococci are commensal gram-positive bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. They have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens due to their ability to acquire and confer antimicrobial resistance genes, hence making management of infections due to Enterococcus species difficult....

Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that remains a major global public health problem. Syphilis is caused by the bacterium called Treponema pallidum. There are 5.6 million new cases of syphilis worldwide each year and in Zambia the risk of acquiring HIV infection...

Background Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection that commonly affects both males and females, yet much of the information about it centres on women because it is associated with cervical cancer, the most common malignancy in women of child...

Background:Male circumcision (MC) is the surgical removal of the foreskin in males. Observational studies have shown a correlation between MC and HIV prevalence, such that in areas with high MC prevalence (> 80%), HIV prevalence is generally lower (<10%) (Bailey et al, 2007). Subsequently, three...

BACKGROUND Globally about 34 million people are living with HIV/AIDS, and annually 2.5 million new infections and 1.7 million deaths related to AIDS occur. Zambia in particular is experiencing a generalized HIV/AIDS epidemic, with a national HIV prevalence rate of 14.3 percent among adults aged...

Background: Prescribing effective preventative antibiotics and treating infections in mothers, providing a clean birth environment, and delivering the baby within 24 hours of rupture of membranes, where possible, can all help lower the chance of neonatal sepsis. However, neonatal sepsis remains...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common paediatric problem that has not been seriously addressed in Zambia as evidenced by lack of documentation. UTI causes significant morbidity and mortality in the affected children and their families. UTI has subtle symptoms and signs that are easily...