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Worldwide, over two thirds of human waste is released into the environment with little or no treatment. This later results in the deterioration of the urban environment in form of air, water, and land pollution that poses risks to human health and the environment. In the developing world,...

Zambia adopted Community Led Total Sanitation approach with the aim of ending open defecation and to reduce sanitation related diseases in the rural parts of the country. About 74.2 percent of households in rural areas have no pit-latrines as a result most of them either use the surrounding bush...