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Adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy leads to restoration of the immune function and reduces HIV-related adverse outcomes. However non adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy has eroded this advantage leading to increased morbidity and compromised quality of life among HIV...

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) interventions, in addition to Mass Drug Administration (MDA), are necessary for controlling and eliminating many neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Collaboration between disease control programmes and stakeholders in WASH is a critical next step as Rwanda...

HIV infection is a strong predictor of fertility as it might influence one’s fertility desire. HIV-positive women may have fertility desires and may intend to have children but these vary by socio-economic, socio-cultural and demographic characteristics. Studies of fertility intentions among...

The Frequency of Leukaemia types vary in different geographical locations and between age groups and gender. The diagnosis of Leukaemia at UTH is done by Morphological examination of blood or bone marrow smears only. Immunophenotyping is a further diagnostic tool that can be performed to diagnose...

Pancytopenia is a hematologic condition characterised by leukopenia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Pancytopenia is not a diagnosis and has to be qualified by determination of its cause. The aetiologies of pancytopenia are diverse, and study of bone marrow cytology and histology are key components...

This Thesis examined whether public health expenditure had an impact on infant and under-five mortality in Tanzania. Additionally, it examines whether domestic government and donor expenditure on malaria had an impact on under-five malaria specific mortality in Tanzania Mainland. The average...

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the second most common among women in Zambia. The diagnosis of breast cancer is a stressful experience; therefore information provision is one of the most important factors for providing high quality cancer care across the whole cancer...

Background Environmental enteropathy is prevalent in many low and middle-income countries. Although its aetiology is unknown, we hypothesised that nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs), which are ubiquitous in the environment and are known to cause disease in the lungs, the gut, skin, bloodstream...

It has been noted that an increasing number of bacteria are now developing resistance to commercial antibiotics. This problem necessitates the discovery of new classes of anti-microbial drug leads. Plants have always played an important role in the discovery of new medicines. Secondary...

Labour pain is described as severe by most women and hence the use of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods for its relief. Low levels of awareness of labour pain relief have been noted in LMIC‟s compared to more developed countries. The present study sought to determine the...