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This Thesis examined whether public health expenditure had an impact on infant and under-five mortality in Tanzania. Additionally, it examines whether domestic government and donor expenditure on malaria had an impact on under-five malaria specific mortality in Tanzania Mainland. The average...

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the second most common among women in Zambia. The diagnosis of breast cancer is a stressful experience; therefore information provision is one of the most important factors for providing high quality cancer care across the whole cancer...

Background Environmental enteropathy is prevalent in many low and middle-income countries. Although its aetiology is unknown, we hypothesised that nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs), which are ubiquitous in the environment and are known to cause disease in the lungs, the gut, skin, bloodstream...

It has been noted that an increasing number of bacteria are now developing resistance to commercial antibiotics. This problem necessitates the discovery of new classes of anti-microbial drug leads. Plants have always played an important role in the discovery of new medicines. Secondary...

Labour pain is described as severe by most women and hence the use of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods for its relief. Low levels of awareness of labour pain relief have been noted in LMIC‟s compared to more developed countries. The present study sought to determine the...

The risk of maternal mortality and complications in pregnancy is highest for adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa and is a leading cause of death among adolescent girls. In Zambia, adolescent pregnancy rate is high and stands at 28.5% and maternal mortality rate is at 398 per 100 000 live...

ABSTRACT Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited chronic disease characterised by low red blood count and infection. SCD taxes the cardiovascular system and results in reduced exercise tolerance, delayed growth and sexual development. Adolescence is a developmental stage with numerous...

The incidence of early neonatal deaths and infections varies worldwide depending on the quality of antenatal care, intrapartum services and neonatal intensive care unit services. It is estimated that ninety eight percent of newborn deaths due to infections occur in developing countries mostly in...

Preeclampsia is a multi-systemic disorder typically unique to pregnancy and characterised by blood pressure above or equal to 140 systolic or 90 diastolic and proteinuria of 300g in a 24 hours urine sample collection. Preeclampsia complicates 3 - 8% of pregnancies and is a major cause of maternal...

The study sought to investigate the presence of Micro-albuminuria (MA) in urine. MA urinary albumin excretion is in the range of 30 mg/24 hrs -300 mg/24 hrs. Consequently, urine albumin excretion has become a key therapeutic target in the management of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We...