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Environmental pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that have the potential to cause adverse health outcomes. Open waste disposal sites are among the main causes of environmental pollution and public health hazards. In Namibia, majority of the towns, including...

The poultry industry has been expanding rapidly in Zambia with both eggs and table birds forming a major dietary protein source for the majority of the population. Despite this expansion, unhygienic rearing conditions have characterized the poultry industry at both small scale and commercial...

Chikankata district is one of the newest districts of Southern Province and the busiest route as it connects Chirundu, Siavonga and Livingstone boarders to Lusaka. It is located 52kms from the capital city of Lusaka and shares boarders with Mazabuka, Siavonga, Chirundu and Kafue districts. It is...

Lead poisoning has been a constant public health concern because children absorb more lead compared to adults. The resulting health effects are irreversible and include decreased cognitive functions development and death. Lead exposure to children is in various ways and one of the ways is use of...

Zambia adopted Community Led Total Sanitation approach with the aim of ending open defecation and to reduce sanitation related diseases in the rural parts of the country. About 74.2 percent of households in rural areas have no pit-latrines as a result most of them either use the surrounding bush...

Zambia‘s urban growth and unemployment have made street vending of food an important, viable informal sector industry in the country. However, despite being that important, it has developed into a serious public health concern due to the poor hygiene practices surrounding it. Several attempts to...

Diarrhoea remains one of the diseases affecting children. The major transmission routes are inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene. Diarrheal diseases such as cholera and typhoid continued to be a public health problem and costs Zambia close to 946 billion Kwacha ($194 Million) due to poor...

Kabwe district is one of the six (6) Districts of Central Province and a provincial headquarter. It is 139km from the capital city Lusaka with an area of 1,577km2 surrounded by Kapiri-Mposhi and Chibombo. It is a transit town with a huge traffic of people moving through the Great North Road to...

Introduction: Access to safe and clean water is important as a health and development issue at regional, national and local levels (World Health Organization, 2006). Throughout human history, the major health problems that humans have faced are concerned with community life such as control of...

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is recognised to make an important contribution in improving infant health and survival and is further associated with decreased risks of HIV transmission compared to mixed-feeding (breast milk in addition to other liquids or solids). Despite this knowledge EBF...