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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and also a leading cause of visual impairment among people in the working age group. Retinopathy develops overtime in all diabetics and controlling the modifiable risk factors delays its onset and progression....

The contemporary smooth structures that describe the motion of particles on underlying sets through the related specified differential geometry need to be assessed in the sense of stabilising the advantage of working with one or another. Such a study is what we call a comparative smootheology. A...

In Zambia, many smallholder farmers achieve household food security through the production of maize ‘zea mays’. During the years of maize failure due to drought, there is need for other crops to enhance food security like Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato. Since the 2010/2011 farming season, the Orange...

Background: Microbial translocation is a poorly understood consequence of several disorders such as environmental enteropathy (EE) and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) disease. Direct biomarkers of microbial translocation such lipopolysaccharide, 16S rRNA gene and Toll-like receptor ligands...

Zambia has been experiencing adverse impacts of climate change. Generation of climate information about changes in future precipitation and temperature is useful in designing adaptive measures. Currently, global climate models (GCMs) are primary tools utilized to simulate the present and future...

The topic of the study is “Dynamics of Extension Studies at The University of Zambia from 1966 to 2014: Its History, Contribution to Human Resources Development and Prospects”. The statement of the problem is that although Extension Studies has been in existence at the University of Zambia (UNZA)...

The University of Zambia introduced blended learning in various programmes under the Graduate School of Business in 2015. These programmes were scheduled to run for 18 months with students choosing to be either on Blended Learning or 100% Online Learning. The programme has however had challenges...

There has been controversy amongst economists regarding the nature of the relationship between trade openness and economic growth. The standard neoclassical model of exogenous growth postulates that changes in trade openness can only affect the pattern of product specialization but not the long...

In Zambia, most crops are mainly produced by small scale resource poor farmers who rely on soils with inherently low fertility. When soil productivity declines farmers put affected fields on fallow to allow the fertility to regenerate, and open up new fields. This type of farming is not...

Biochar is an organic residue combusted under low oxygen conditions, resulting in a porous, low-density carbon-rich material. Biochar has the potential to reduce pollutant mobility when used as an organic soil amendment. Until recently, Biochars’ potential has not been extensively evaluated for...