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Contamination of milk by pathogenic microbes may be a hazard to human health. Worldwide, pathogenic microbes contribute to numerous cases of diarrheal diseases and outbreaks. This study set out to determine microbial content, nutrient quality and associated risk factors regarding contamination of...

This paper examines the extent of the mismatch between familiar language and language of instruction among pupils and its effect on reading comprehension in selected primary schools in Lusaka district of Zambia. In order to conduct an investigation, the study adopted quantitative method following...

World Health Organization reports that about 1.24 million people die annually on the world’s roads, with 20–50 million sustaining non-fatal injuries. More than 85% (1.05 million) of the global deaths due to injuries occur in the developing world. Statistical techniques known and applied to model...

Hot springs are among some of the naturally-occurring extreme environments that have generated considerable interest in microbial ecologists worldwide even though there is very little information on hotspring ecosystems in Zambia. Thermophilic prokaryotes present in such extreme habitats are...

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a disease caused by an acid-fast staining pathogenic bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), the two most potent TB drugs. Drug-resistant tuberculosis poses a significant problem for...

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region contains many genes that are key regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity and is the most polymorphic locus in the mammalian genome. Consequently, the characterisation of the repertoire of MHC genes is critical to understanding the...

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women in Zambia. It has been established that Oestrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR) and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) are important markers for treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Treatment has now become...

This study investigates the monetary policy transmission in Zambia by examining the magnitude and speed of the pass-through from the Bank of Zambia policy rate to commercial bank interest rates using the Johansen cointegration approach. The study also investigates the symmetric/asymmetric...

University of Zambia like most Public Universities and Higher Learning Institutions in Zambia have a challenge preventing unauthorized access into their campus environment. There is no automatic identification of all who enter or exit the campus facilities. No audit trail or record is kept for...

Conflict is an inseparable part of people’s lives. It is difficult to define as it occurs in many different settings. The essence of conflict seems to be disagreement, contradiction, or incompatibility. Thus, conflict refers to any situation in which there are incompatible goals, cognitions, or...