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Spices refer to dried parts of plants used in food to enhance flavor, add color and make food more acceptable. As a result spices are widely used in the food industry where they may carry a large number of bacteria and mold that could contaminate the food. The objective of this study was to...

According to the World Health Organization, the extensive and sometimes indiscriminate use of antibiotics for treatment and as growth promoters in the animal production industry has resulted in the widespread development of antibiotic resistance. As such, antimicrobial resistance cannot be...

Awareness of food safety risks has increased, given the occurrence and intensity with which zoonotic diseases are reported. Due to the widespread distribution of food products, controlling foodborne pathogens has become increasingly relevant worldwide. Consequently, this present study aimed to...

Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) are a promising, sustainable source of nutrients for animals and humans. However, they could harbour potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus which could be carriers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)...

Raw milk provides a good environment for the growth of a wide variety of microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and can be a vehicle to transmit such pathogens to humans. The study aimed to investigate milk hygiene practices and characterize S. aureus/MRSA associated with the...

Although milk contains many nutrients necessary for growth, raw milk may harbor numerous pathogens. The milk pathogens may be shed in harvested milk from an infected animal and may transmit zoonotic diseases. Consumption of raw milk is common in developing countries. However, milk needs to be...

Nutritionally, fresh vegetables are a good source of vitamins and essential minerals, among other nutrients. This is the main reason as to why they are consumed globally. The production of vegetables faces many constraints, especially land pressure, access to safe clean water, and low soil...

Vegetables are a vital source of fiber and vitamins which also support disease prevention. To increase the efficiency of vegetable production; Farmers use chemical pesticides so that losses of vegetable growth to pests are minimized. However, these pesticides are poisons that can adversely affect...

Kabwe district is one of the six (6) Districts of Central Province and a provincial headquarter. It is 139km from the capital city Lusaka with an area of 1,577km2 surrounded by Kapiri-Mposhi and Chibombo. It is a transit town with a huge traffic of people moving through the Great North Road to...

To determine which farms around Lusaka produce Cheese, a questionnaire was prepared and dispersed to dairy farms affiliated to the Zambia National Farmers Union (ZNFU) around Lusaka.The Dairy Produce Board of Zambia (DPBZ),Pebble Brook Cheese Factory (PBCF) and Kaposhi Cheese Factory (KCF) were...