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Nutritionally, fresh vegetables are a good source of vitamins and essential minerals, among other nutrients. This is the main reason as to why they are consumed globally. The production of vegetables faces many constraints, especially land pressure, access to safe clean water, and low soil...

World Health Organization reports that about 1.24 million people die annually on the world’s roads, with 20–50 million sustaining non-fatal injuries. More than 85% (1.05 million) of the global deaths due to injuries occur in the developing world. Statistical techniques known and applied to model...

Hot springs are among some of the naturally-occurring extreme environments that have generated considerable interest in microbial ecologists worldwide even though there is very little information on hotspring ecosystems in Zambia. Thermophilic prokaryotes present in such extreme habitats are...

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a disease caused by an acid-fast staining pathogenic bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), the two most potent TB drugs. Drug-resistant tuberculosis poses a significant problem for...

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region contains many genes that are key regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity and is the most polymorphic locus in the mammalian genome. Consequently, the characterisation of the repertoire of MHC genes is critical to understanding the...

Conflict is an inseparable part of people’s lives. It is difficult to define as it occurs in many different settings. The essence of conflict seems to be disagreement, contradiction, or incompatibility. Thus, conflict refers to any situation in which there are incompatible goals, cognitions, or...

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), the causative agent of enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), is a member of the family Retroviridae, and genus Deltaretrovirus. Whilst BLV has been associated with considerable economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide, there is paucity of information on the...

Soil transmitted helminths (STH) are among the Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) of Poverty. They are a common type of parasitic infections in the world, caused by three main species commonly known as roundworms, whipworms and hookworms. This study investigated the prevalence, intensity and...

Fresh fish is one of the cheapest sources of proteins in the Zambian diet and widely consumed nationwide. Fresh fish harbours a number of spoilage bacteria and pathogens including V. cholerae which cause cholera in humans. Consumption of contaminated fresh fish has been linked to zoonotic...

Common bean and groundnut are an important source of protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals for both humans and livestock. These legumes are produced mostly by smallholder farmers whose current yields are far below the potential yield of 2 t/ha for both legumes due to biological...